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Retirement & 4% rule cheat sheet

The 25× rule, the 4% withdrawal, and how to size your number.

For: Pre-retirees and FIRE pursuers · Source: snowballr.io/cheat-sheets/retirement-4-percent-rule

Core numbers

  • 25× annual spending = the number you need to retire
  • 4% of your number = sustainable annual withdrawal
  • Bengen (1994) → 4.0% with 50/50 stocks/bonds, 30-year horizon
  • Trinity (1998) → confirmed 4% has ~95% success over 30 years

Sizing your number

Annual spend25× nest egg4% withdraw
$40,000$1.0 M$40,000
$60,000$1.5 M$60,000
$80,000$2.0 M$80,000
$100,000$2.5 M$100,000
$150,000$3.75 M$150,000

FIRE variants

  • Lean FIRE — $25K–$40K/year spending, $625K–$1M nest egg
  • Regular FIRE — 25× annual spend, retire fully
  • Fat FIRE — $100K+/year spending, $2.5M+
  • Coast FIRE — invest enough early; let it grow to traditional retirement
  • Barista FIRE — partial work covers spend, investments grow untouched

Sequence-of-returns risk

A bad market in years 1–5 of retirement permanently damages a 30-year plan more than a bad market in years 25–30. Two defenses: hold 2 years cash + bonds buffer, OR reduce withdrawal in down years (3% guardrail).

Decision rules

  • For 40+ year horizons (early retirement), use 3.25–3.5% instead of 4%.
  • Add a 1-year cash buffer to avoid selling in down markets.
  • Re-test annually with current portfolio vs current spending × 25.
  • Health insurance is the #1 unknown — budget conservatively.

Primary sources

Run the numbers

4% rule calculator