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Debt payoff cheat sheet

Snowball vs avalanche, when each wins, and the order of operations.

For: Anyone with multiple debts · Source: snowballr.io/cheat-sheets/debt-payoff

Snowball vs avalanche

MethodSort byBest forTrade-off
SnowballSmallest balance firstMotivation, behaviorSlightly more interest
AvalancheHighest interest firstMath optimumSlower early wins

When avalanche actually wins

  • You have one debt with >20% APR — kill it first regardless of balance
  • The interest gap between debts is >10 pts
  • You are disciplined and will not quit halfway

When snowball actually wins

  • You have 5+ small debts and feel overwhelmed
  • You have given up before — momentum matters more than math
  • The interest gap between debts is <5 pts (savings are negligible)

Order of operations (before extra payments)

  • 1. Capture any 401(k) employer match (free 50–100% return)
  • 2. Build $1K starter emergency fund
  • 3. Kill any APR >10% (snowball or avalanche)
  • 4. Build 3–6 month full emergency fund
  • 5. Pay 5–10% APR debt down while investing in parallel

Decision rules

  • Always pay minimums on all debts. Apply extras only to one.
  • Refinance any APR >20% if your credit qualifies — cuts payoff time.
  • Never use HELOC to pay credit-card debt unless behavior is fixed.
  • 0% balance-transfer cards work only if you pay off before promo ends.

Primary sources